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The Virginia Standards of Learning (SOL) tests are Virginia's statewide standardized assessments. Virginia is one of the few states that never adopted Common Core — the SOL standards are fully state-developed and have been in place since 1998. Virginia tests more subjects than almost any other state at the K-8 level, including Virginia Studies (state history) at grade 4 and Civics and Economics at grade 6. In 2025-2026, Virginia is phasing in significantly higher cut scores — the most substantial changes to the SOL assessment system in years.
Spring 2026: Late April through May. Reading and Writing tests may begin in March/April for grades 5 and 8 (Integrated Reading and Writing component). Exact dates are set by each school division.
| Grade | Subjects Tested |
|---|---|
| Grade 3 | Reading and Mathematics |
| Grade 4 | Reading, Mathematics, and Virginia Studies (state history) |
| Grade 5 | Reading (with Integrated Writing), Mathematics, and Science |
| Grade 6 | Reading, Mathematics, and Civics & Economics |
| Grade 7 | Reading and Mathematics |
| Grade 8 | Reading (with Integrated Writing), Mathematics, and Science |
Virginia uses the following performance levels. Score 400 or above to pass. Score 500 or above for Advanced. The 0-600 scale with clean cut points makes Virginia's scoring among the most straightforward of any state.
Student demonstrates minimal understanding of Virginia Standards of Learning.
Student demonstrates some understanding but does not pass. Below the 400 threshold.
Student demonstrates grade-level mastery of Virginia Standards of Learning.
Student demonstrates advanced mastery well beyond grade-level expectations.
Reading and Mathematics SOL tests for grades 3-8 are computer-adaptive (CAT). Other subjects may use fixed-form tests. The adaptive format adjusts question difficulty based on student responses.
Virginia uses a clean 0-600 scale. 400 = Pass/Proficient. 500 = Pass/Advanced. No confusing multi-digit scale scores like some states.
Grades 5 and 8 take an Integrated Reading and Writing (IRW) test — writing skills are assessed as part of the reading test, not separately.
Virginia tests Virginia Studies (grade 4), Civics & Economics (grade 6), and Science (grades 5 & 8) — far more content-area testing than the national average.
Major changes for 2025-2026: Virginia Board of Education unanimously approved new, higher cut scores in September 2025. These are being phased in from Spring 2026 through 2030. New 2023 Math Standards of Learning took effect. New 2023 History and Social Science Standards replaced the 2015 version. 2024 Computer Science Standards must be fully implemented by 2025-2026. Scores may appear to drop as the higher bar takes effect — this reflects a raised standard, not declining performance.
Virginia released its 2024-25 SOL results in August 2025. Reading and math both held in the low 70s. Crucially, Spring 2025 was the FIRST administration of new SOL tests aligned to the revised 2023-24 standards — Pearson reports they are 30-40% more challenging than previous versions. Pass rates still improved slightly despite the harder tests. The numbers below reflect grades 3-8 statewide; History/Social Sciences had the lowest pass rate of any subject.
| Grade / Subject | % Meeting or Exceeding | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Reading (grades 3-8) | 71% | 2024-25 — down 2 ppt from 2023-24 |
| Math (grades 3-8) | 70% | 2024-25 — down 1 ppt from 2023-24 |
| Writing | 72% | Grades 5 and 8 Integrated Reading and Writing |
| Science | 68% | Grades 5 and 8 |
| History/Social Sciences | 63% | Lowest pass rate of any subject |
| Current pass score | 400 | Through 2025-26 only — rises to 444-479 (Reading) and 430-453 (Math) starting 2026-27 |
Read this carefully: Virginia raised cut scores September 25, 2025 by a unanimous Virginia Board of Education vote. The phase-in runs 2026-27 through 2029-30 — full implementation lands AFTER Governor Spanberger's term ends. The temporary 'Approaching' performance level (2026-27 through 2028-29) acts as a cushion: scores in 'Approaching' count as passing during the phase-in. The Spanberger administration has not yet announced whether it will accelerate or pause the rollout. As of May 2026, the schedule stands.
Jenna Conway is Virginia's Superintendent of Public Instruction — appointed by Governor Abigail Spanberger (D), who took office January 2026. Announced January 13, 2026; assumed the role January 17, 2026. She replaced Emily Anne Gullickson, who served under Governor Youngkin (R). The original September 2025 cut-score vote was led by Acting Superintendent Gullickson before Conway took office. Many older sources still reference Lisa Coons (resigned March 2025) — that information is stale.
Conway assumed role as VA Superintendent of Public Instruction on January 17, 2026. Spanberger administration has not yet announced whether it will accelerate or pause the cut-score phase-in.
Virginia Board of Education voted 8-0 to approve the 4-year phased cut-score rollout starting 2026-27, full implementation 2029-30. The temporary 'Approaching' performance level was added as a transition cushion.
Virginia Board of Education unanimously raised SOL cut scores on September 25, 2025. New Reading proficient cuts: 444-479 by grade. New Math: 430-453. WAVY-TV reported projections that more than 50% of students could fail under new cut scores during early phase-in years.
Virginia's SOL pass rates show meaningful district variation. Loudoun and Fairfax sit well above state averages; Richmond Public Schools sits well below. Grade-5 specific district figures are available on VDOE's build-a-table tool — the figures below show overall 3-8 district pass rates for 2023-24 unless noted.
Highest-performing major district in Virginia. Above state average in every subject. Sits in the DC metro federal-worker belt with high median income and parent education levels. English Learner struggles remain a focus despite top overall scores.
Virginia's largest school division. Math improved to 78% in 2024-25. Science 73%. Just below Loudoun in overall performance — both districts share the wealthy DC-suburbs demographic profile.
One of Virginia's most consistently above-average districts. Reading range: 75% (grade 3) to 91% (grade 11). Math range: 47% (grade 7 subset) to 96% (Algebra 2). The coastal demographic profile produces consistently strong outcomes.
Richmond's suburban-ring district. Performance roughly 4-5 ppt below state average. 2024-25: Reading 70%, Math 65% (still below state). Science 68%. Useful 'median Virginia suburb' anchor for parents.
Virginia's capital-city district. Performance roughly 21-24 ppt below state average. Improvement from 47%/44% in 2022-23 but still trailing region. Writing: 45%, Science: 45%, Social Studies: 43%. Richmond illustrates the floor of Virginia's district spread.
Headline spread: Loudoun 81% Reading versus Richmond 50% Reading = 31 percentage points on the same test. Less dramatic than New Jersey or Massachusetts, but Virginia has historically been more equitable in K-12 funding than many states. The new higher cut scores will likely widen the gap during phase-in.
Virginia's 2024-25 SOL pass rates held steady — 71% Reading and 70% Math statewide. The story isn't the headline numbers; it's what happens next. Cut scores raised September 25, 2025 by unanimous Board vote. Phase-in 2026-27 through 2029-30. WAVY-TV projections: more than 50% of Virginia students could fail SOLs during early phase-in years before the new instruction catches up. Class of 2026 is exempt. A temporary 'Approaching' performance level provides a passing cushion 2026-27 through 2028-29. For families: the cushion is real but shrinks each year. If your kid is currently passing comfortably with 410-430, they will likely need to lift to 430-479 over the next 3-4 years. Targeted practice on the specific reporting categories surfaced in the score report is the highest-leverage move. The Spanberger administration has not signaled whether it will accelerate or pause the rollout — as of May 2026, the schedule stands.
Three Virginia decisions are reshaping the SOL right now — and most parents have not yet absorbed the full impact.
Virginia Board of Education unanimously raised SOL cut scores on September 25, 2025. Old proficient cut: 400. New Reading proficient cuts: 444-479 depending on grade. New Math: 430-453. Algebra 1 rises from 413 (2026-27) to 453 by 2029-30. Class of 2026 exempted (still measured against old 400 cut). Temporary 'Approaching' performance level added for 2026-27 through 2028-29 — scores in this range count as passing during phase-in. WAVY-TV projected more than 50% of students could fail under new cuts in early years.
Adopted April 20, 2023 after a contentious multi-year process. Goes into effect 2025-26 school year (currently in classrooms). The initial Youngkin draft referred to Native Americans as 'immigrants' and removed MLK and Juneteenth from elementary standards; the final adoption was a compromise after months of public debate. 2024-25 History/Social Sciences SOL pass rate was 63% — the lowest of any subject.
On June 24, 2010, the Virginia Board of Education unanimously rejected Common Core State Standards. The SOL system has been in place since 1998 and is fully state-developed. Notable differences from Common Core: SOL introduces fractions in kindergarten (CCSS waits until grade 3); SOL introduces data collection in kindergarten (CCSS waits until grade 3). Virginia is one of only 4-5 states that has never participated in Common Core.
Virginia never adopted Common Core. The SOL standards are fully state-developed and predate CCSS. Virginia is one of the few states with a truly independent standards system.
Virginia tests more subjects than almost any other state at K-8: Reading, Math, Science, Virginia Studies (grade 4), and Civics & Economics (grade 6). No other state tests state-specific history at the elementary level.
Virginia Studies at grade 4 is completely unique — students learn and are tested on Virginia-specific history, geography, and government. No other state has an equivalent elementary-level state history test.
The 0-600 scale with 400 = pass and 500 = advanced is the simplest, most parent-friendly scoring system of any state test.
Virginia is currently phasing in higher cut scores over 5 years (2026-2030) — the most significant change to the SOL assessment system in its history.
Read this first: if your child passed last year with a 405, they may not pass next year with the same score. The Virginia Board of Education unanimously raised cut scores on September 25, 2025 — phasing in from 2026-27 through 2029-30. The new Reading proficient cut is 444-479 depending on grade; new Math is 430-453. Same kid, same skill, different result. WAVY-TV reported projections showing more than 50% of Virginia students could fail SOLs in early phase-in years.
There IS a cushion. The Board added a temporary 'Approaching' performance level for 2026-27, 2027-28, and 2028-29. Scores in 'Approaching' count as passing during phase-in. The band shrinks each year and disappears entirely in 2029-30. Class of 2026 (current seniors) is exempt from new cut scores.
Virginia tests more subjects than most states. Grade 4 parents: your child takes Virginia Studies (state history). Grade 6 parents: Civics & Economics is tested.
Grades 5 and 8 include an Integrated Reading and Writing component — writing is assessed as part of the reading test. Practice organized written responses with text evidence.
Virginia never adopted Common Core. SOL standards are fully state-developed. Make sure study materials are aligned to the 2023 NEW Math and 2023 NEW History/Social Science standards — not the older 2015 version. The new harder SOL tests aligned to these standards launched Spring 2025; Pearson (test vendor) reports they are 30-40% more challenging than previous versions.
Yes. Spring 2025 SOLs were the first administration aligned to the more rigorous 2023-24 standards — Pearson (the test vendor) reports they are 30-40% more challenging than previous versions. On top of that, Virginia's Board of Education unanimously raised proficient cut scores on September 25, 2025. New Reading proficient cuts range from 444 to 479 depending on grade; new Math cuts range from 430 to 453. The old cut was a flat 400 across grades.
No. Virginia rejected Common Core in June 2010 by a unanimous Board of Education vote. The Standards of Learning (SOL) system has been in place since 1998 and is fully state-developed. SOL differs from Common Core in several ways — SOL introduces fractions and data collection in kindergarten, while CCSS waits until grade 3. Virginia is one of only a handful of states that has never participated in CCSS.
Reading and Math: grades 3-8 plus high school end-of-course (EOC). Science: grades 5 and 8 plus EOC. Social Studies: grade 8 (and previously grades 4, 6, 7) plus EOC. Grade 4 takes Virginia Studies (state-specific history); grade 6 takes Civics & Economics. Virginia tests more subjects than most states at the K-8 level.
Through 2025-26, the proficient cut is 400 on a 0-600 scale; 500+ is Advanced. Starting 2026-27, the proficient cut rises grade-by-grade: Reading 444-479, Math 430-453, Algebra 1 rises from 413 to 453 by 2029-30. The Class of 2026 is exempted — they still pass at 400. A temporary 'Approaching' performance level (2026-27 through 2028-29) provides a passing cushion during the transition.
Elementary and middle school: no graduation impact, but schools typically offer remediation. High school: students need to pass certain SOL EOCs (Reading, Writing, math, science, history) to earn a Standard Diploma. The graduation impact is at the high-school level; the K-8 tests are diagnostic/accountability. Even during the new cut-score phase-in, the 'Approaching' performance level counts as passing.
To soften the transition to higher cut scores, the Virginia Board of Education added a temporary 'Approaching' performance level for the 2026-27, 2027-28, and 2028-29 school years. Scores in 'Approaching' count as passing during the phase-in. The band shrinks each year and disappears entirely starting 2029-30, when only the full higher cut scores will apply.
Spring (April-May) for most grade-level tests. Reading and Writing for grades 5 and 8 (the Integrated Reading and Writing component) may begin earlier in spring. EOC tests at the high school level are offered fall, winter, and summer.
Yes. Division and school-level results are at SchoolQuality.virginia.gov. Individual student scores go to parents. VDOE also publishes a 'build-a-table' tool at doe.virginia.gov SOL Test Pass Rates that lets you slice by grade, subject, year, and district.
Adopted April 20, 2023 after a years-long contested process. Goes into effect 2025-26. The Youngkin-administration initial draft referred to Native Americans as 'immigrants' and removed MLK and Juneteenth from elementary standards. The final adoption was a compromise after months of public debate. The 2024-25 History/Social Sciences SOL pass rate was 63% — the lowest of any subject.
Virginia tests MORE subjects than most states at K-8 — Reading, Math, Science, Virginia Studies (grade 4), Civics & Economics (grade 6). The 0-600 scoring scale with a 400 pass / 500 advanced cut is one of the cleanest. SOL standards are fully state-developed (no Common Core). The Spring 2025 administration introduced new harder tests aligned to the 2023-24 revised standards.
No — SOL scores are not directly tied to grade promotion in elementary and middle school. At the high school level, students need to pass certain SOL EOCs for a Standard Diploma. During the phase-in (2026-27 through 2028-29), the 'Approaching' performance level counts as passing — softening the impact. Class of 2026 is exempt from new cut scores entirely.
Not as of May 2026. Governor Abigail Spanberger took office January 2026 and appointed Jenna Conway as Superintendent of Public Instruction on January 17, 2026. The Spanberger administration has signaled it will review the cut-score and accreditation framework but has not announced a reversal. The 4-year phase-in's full implementation falls after Spanberger's term, meaning if she wants to slow or stop it, she has to act through Board of Education appointees and the General Assembly.
The SOL is Virginia's standardized assessment for grades 3-8. Students are tested in Math and English/RLA every year, and Science in grades 5 and 8.
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