New Jersey NJSLA-S · Grade 5 Science

NJSLA-S Grade 5 Science Practice 2026

NJSLA-Science 5th grade tests everything from kindergarten through 5th grade — cumulative NGSS content — and only 30% of NJ 5th-graders are proficient.

NJSLA-Science (NJSLA-S) is the science test administered at Grades 5, 8, and 11. It's based on the 2020 NJSLS-Science, which adopted the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). Unlike NJSLA ELA and Math, NJSLA-S stays fixed-form in 2026 — it's NOT adaptive. Every student sees the same questions in the same order.

The test is cumulative. Grade 5 science doesn't only cover 5th-grade content — it covers everything from kindergarten through 5th grade across three NGSS strands: Physical Science (PS), Life Science (LS), and Earth & Space Science (ESS). Three-dimensional learning is the foundation: every item asks students to apply Science and Engineering Practices (SEPs), Disciplinary Core Ideas (DCIs), and Crosscutting Concepts (CCs) together.

Thirty percent of New Jersey 5th-graders scored Met or Exceeded Expectations in 2025 — flat year-over-year. That's the lowest science proficiency outside Grade 8 (19%). Science is the NJSLA subject where the test format is closest to legacy NJSLA — same fixed-form structure, same item types, same NGSS standards as previous years.

30%% Met or Exceeded Expectations (Grade 5 Science, 2025)

Flat year-over-year. Second-lowest NJSLA subject after Grade 8 Science (19%).

Source: NJ DOE Statewide Assessment Results (Spring 2025), via NJ Education Report (njedreport.com)

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Try 5 NJSLA-S Grade 5 Science Questions

Real NJSLA-S format. Aligned to 2020 NJSLS-Science (NGSS-aligned). Detailed explanations on every answer.

NJSLA · Grade 5 · Science
Question 1 of 1
Science5-PS1-3

Which of these is a sign that a chemical change has occurred?

What's On The NJSLA-S Grade 5 Science Test

NJSLA-Science Grade 5 is cumulative across NGSS strands. The 2020 NJSLS-Science integrates three dimensions in every item: Science and Engineering Practices (what scientists DO), Disciplinary Core Ideas (the content), and Crosscutting Concepts (the conceptual threads that span all sciences). Performance-Based Assessment (PBA) clusters 3-5 items per reporting group.

Reporting CategoryWhat's Tested
Physical Science (PS1, PS2, PS3)Matter and its properties — particles too small to see, conservation of weight, mixtures, physical and chemical changes. Energy transfer.
Life Science (LS1, LS2)Matter cycling and energy flow through ecosystems. Plants get materials from air and water. Energy origin is the sun. Food webs and decomposers.
Earth & Space Science (ESS1, ESS2, ESS3)Earth's place in the universe (shadows, day/night, stars seasonal). Earth's systems (water cycle, hydrosphere/atmosphere/biosphere). Human impacts on Earth's systems.
Engineering, Technology & Applications of Science (ETS)Defining problems, designing solutions, comparing design tradeoffs. Embedded across the three content strands.
Three-Dimensional Learning (3D)Every item assesses Science and Engineering Practices (SEPs) + Disciplinary Core Ideas (DCIs) + Crosscutting Concepts (CCs) together. The foundation of NGSS testing.

Test Format — What Your Child Will See

Items
Fixed-form (NOT adaptive). 4 units, total items vary across PBA and MSA components.
Time Limit
4 units × 45 minutes each = 180 minutes (3 hours) total
Sessions
Four 45-minute units, typically across two school days
Item types your child will see:
multiple-choicemulti-selectmulti-select box (matrix)technology-enhancedconstructed response (3-5 items per reporting group)
  • NJSLA-S is NOT adaptive — fixed-form structure preserved in 2026.
  • Test is cumulative: tests K-5 NGSS content, not only Grade 5 content.
  • Four performance levels (not five like ELA/Math): Below, Near, Meeting, Exceeding Expectations.

What New Jersey Parents Should Know About Grade 5 Science

1

Don't cram for NJSLA-S — review weekly throughout the school year. The test is cumulative K-5, so you can't 'study' it in April. Pick one NGSS strand per month (Physical → Life → Earth & Space) and review key concepts: matter properties, food webs, water cycle, Earth's place in space.

2

Three-dimensional learning means your child needs to DO science, not just memorize facts. Practice asking questions ('I wonder why...'), making predictions, analyzing data (charts, graphs, tables), and constructing explanations ('I think X happened because...'). These habits transfer directly to NJSLA-S items.

3

Use real-world phenomena as practice. Watch rust form on a screw, observe seasonal changes in a tree, track a moon phase calendar. NJSLA-S items often start with a real phenomenon and ask 'What's the science explanation?' Familiarity with real phenomena beats textbook abstraction every time.

4

Practice reading scientific charts and data tables. Many NJSLA-S items present data — bar graphs of plant growth, line plots of temperature over time, tables of mass before and after a chemical change — and ask analytical questions. The reading-the-chart skill is half the test.

5

Don't let the lower NJSLA-S proficiency rate (30%) discourage your child. Science is the subject where targeted practice on the three-dimensional learning approach moves scores most. The 30% reflects how science is taught in many elementary schools, not how hard NGSS content is for any individual child.

NJSLA-S Grade 5 Science — Frequently Asked Questions

What is on the NJSLA grade 5 science test?

Cumulative NGSS content from kindergarten through 5th grade across Physical Science (matter, energy), Life Science (ecosystems, food webs, plants from air and water), and Earth & Space Science (Earth's place in the universe, water cycle, Earth's systems, human impact). Engineering and Design is woven across all three strands. Items assess three-dimensional learning — SEPs + DCIs + Crosscutting Concepts.

How long is the NJSLA-S grade 5 test?

Three hours total — four 45-minute units, typically administered across two school days. Item count per unit varies but the time per unit is fixed at 45 minutes.

Is NJSLA science adaptive?

No. NJSLA-Science remains fixed-form in 2026 — every student sees the same questions in the same order. Only NJSLA-A (ELA + Math, grades 3-8) went adaptive. Science prep is therefore the most predictable of all NJSLA subjects — the format hasn't changed since 2019.

What grades does the NJSLA-S cover?

Cumulative — the Grade 5 NJSLA-S tests NGSS content from kindergarten through 5th grade. Your child needs to remember concepts from earlier grades, not only 5th-grade material. This is one reason science proficiency lags ELA and Math: years of content stack up by Grade 5.

What is three-dimensional learning?

The foundation of NGSS — every science learning experience integrates three dimensions: (1) Science and Engineering Practices (SEPs — what scientists DO, like asking questions, analyzing data, constructing explanations); (2) Disciplinary Core Ideas (DCIs — the science content, like 'matter is conserved'); (3) Crosscutting Concepts (CCs — patterns that span sciences, like 'cause and effect' or 'scale, proportion, and quantity'). NJSLA-S items ask all three at once.

Why is NJSLA grade 5 science only 30% proficient?

Three reasons. (1) The test is cumulative — six years of NGSS content stacked. (2) Many NJ elementary schools allocate less instructional time to science than to ELA or Math, especially in the years following standardized-testing emphasis. (3) Three-dimensional learning is harder to teach than memorization — students need to APPLY practices, not only recall facts. The 30% rate has been flat for several years.

What is on the grade 5 NGSS test?

Same as NJSLA-S — they're the same test. NGSS stands for Next Generation Science Standards, which NJ adopted in 2020 as the basis for NJSLS-Science. Topics include matter and its properties, ecosystems and energy flow, Earth's place in the universe, Earth's systems, human impacts, and the engineering design process. The NJSLA-S simply assesses the NGSS standards in NJ's format.

Does NJSLA grade 5 science include earthquakes?

Earthquakes specifically are part of the Earth & Space Science strand (Earth's systems and geological processes). The Grade 5 NJSLA-S can include earthquakes, volcanoes, weathering, and erosion as part of how Earth's surface changes over time. The K-5 NGSS strand expects students to describe these processes and predict their effects.

Are there constructed response questions on NJSLA science?

Yes. NJSLA-S includes Performance-Based Assessment (PBA) clusters of 3-5 items per reporting group — these mix multiple-choice, multi-select, technology-enhanced, and constructed-response items. Constructed-response items ask your child to write a short explanation, often citing data from a stimulus (chart, image, or scenario).

Explore More NJSLA-S Practice — Other Grades & Subjects

Same NJSLA-S test, different grades and subjects. Pick the page that matches your child's situation.

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